Over 90% of greenhouse-gas emissions from coal (According to the World Coal Institute) take place during combustion.  As a result, modern interventions, such as clean- coal technologies, are being developed.  In some cases, clean-coal technologies have already been implemented in the effort to mitigate the environmental consequences of coal combustion.

South Africa’s remaining coal reserves are generally of a lower quality, with higher ash content, than the coal that has been mined over the past three decades. Clean-coal technologies have the potential to optimise this coal and the large quantities of discard coal for economic and energy purposes through beneficiation.